Prehospital and Disaster Medicine

Table of Contents
May–June 2007

Editor’s Corner
What’s in a Word? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Marvin L. Birnbaum, MD, PhD

Original Research
Traumatic Brain Injuries after Mass-Casualty Incidents: Lessons from the 11 September 2001
World Trade Center Attacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Wesley Rutland Brown,MPH; Jean A. Langlois, ScD,MPH; Leze Nicaj,MPH; Robert G.Thomas, Jr., MSIM;
Susan A.Wilt,DrPH; Jeffrey J. Bazarian,MD,MPH

Factors Associated with High-Rise Evacuation:Qualitative Results from the World Trade
Center Evacuation Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165
Robyn R.M. Gershon, MHS,DrPH; Kristine A.Qureshi, RN MSN, DNSc; Marcie S. Rubin,MPH,MPA;
Victoria H. Raveis, PhD

Factors that May Influcene the Preparation of Standards of Procedures for Dealing
with Mass-Casualty Incidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175
Bruria Adini, MA; Avishay Goldberg, MA,MPH, PhD; Danny Laor,MD, MHA; Robert Cohen, PhD;
Col. Yaron Bar-Dayan,MD,MHA

Managing Mild Casualties in Mass-Casualty Incidents: Lessons Learned from
an Aborted Terrorist Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
Yuval H. Bloch,MD, MHA; Adi Leiba MD;Nurit Veaacnin, RN; Yohanan Paizer, MD; Dagan Schwartz, MD;
Ahuva Kraskas, RN; Gali Weiss, RN, MHA; Avishay Goldberg, PhD; Yaron Bar-Dayan,MD,MHA

Distribution of Casualties in a Mass-Casualty Incident with Three Local Hospitals in the
Periphery of a Densely Populated Area: Lessons Learned from the Medical Management of a
Terrorist Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186
Yuval H. Bloch,MD, MHA; Dagan Schwartz, MD; Moshe Pinkert,MD, MHA; Amir Blumenfeld,MD, MHA;
Shkolnick Avinoam, MD; Giora Hevion, MA; Meir Oren, MD; Avishay Goldberg; Yehezkel Levi, MD;
Yaron Bar-Dayan,MD,MHA

Impact of a Category-3 Hurricane on the Need for Surgical Hospital Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194
Lina Sjöberg, MD; Robert Yearwood,MD

Mental Health Emergency Preparedness:The Need for Training and Coordination at the
State Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199
Suzanne R.Hawley, PhD,MPH; Gary C.Hawley, PsyD; Elizabeth Ablah, PhD,MPH;Theresa St. Romain, MA;
Craig A. Molgaard, PhD,MPH; Shirley A. Orr, MHS, ARNP, CNAA
Editorial Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205
Carol Amaratunga, PhD

Establishing a High Level of Knowledge Regarding Bioterrorist Threats in Emergency
Department Physicians: Methodology and the Results of a National Bio-Preparedness Project. . . . . . . . . .207
Adi Leiba,MD, MHA; Nir Drayman, BA; Yoram Amsalem, MD; Adi Aran, MD; Gali Weiss, RN, MHA;
Ronit Leiba, MA; Dagan Schwartz, MD; Yehezkel Levi, MD; Avishay Goldberg, PhD; Yaron Bar-Dayan,MD,MHA
Editorial Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212
Samuel Stratton, MD, MPH

Critical Assessment of Statewide Hospital Pharmaceutical Surge Capabilities for
Chemical, Biological, Radiological,Nuclear, and Explosive Incidents. . . . . . . . . .214
Edbert B. Hsu,MD,MPH; Julie A. Casani,MD,MPH; Al Romanosky,MD, PhD; Michael G. Millin,MD,MPH;
Christa M. Singleton,MD,MPH; John Donohue, BS,EMT-P; E. Robert Feroli, PharmD; Melvin Rubin, PharmD;
Italo Subbarao,DO,MBA; Dianne M.Whyne, RN, MS;Thomas D. Snodgrass, BSN; Gabor D. Kelen,MD

Special Report
Management of Evacuee Surge from a Disaster Area: Solutions to Avoid Non-Emergent,
Emergency Department Visits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220
Charlene B. Irvin,MD, FACEP; Jenny G. Atas,MD, FACEP

Field Triage and Patient Maldistribution in a Mass-Casualty Incident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224
Richard M. Zoraster,MD, FAAEM; Cathy Chidester, RN;William Koenig,MD, FACEP

Brief Report
Precision and Reliability of Glasgow Coma Scale Score among a Cohort of Latin American
Prehospital Emergency Care Providers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230
Amado Alejandro Báez; Ediza M. Giráldez; Julio M. DePeña

Simple Triage and Rapid Decontamination of Mass Casualties with Colored Clothes Pegs
(STARDOM-CCP) System against Chemical Releases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233
Tetsu Okumura, MD;Hisayoshi Kondo, MD;Hitomi Nagayama, MD;Toshiro Makino, MD;
Toshiharu Yoshioka, MD; Yasuhiro Yamamoto,MD

Epidemic and Bioterrorism Preparation among Emergency Medical Services Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
Brian J. Maguire,DrPH, MSA,EMT-P; Stephen Dean, PhD; Richard A. Bissell, PhD; Bruce J.Walz, PhD;
Andrew K. Bumbak,MS

Author Response
Soft Tissue Infection after Missile Injuries to the Extremities—A Non-Randomized,
Prospective Study in Gaza City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243
Eivind Witsø, MD; Øystein P. Nygaard, PhD;Hazem Hamouda, PhD

Special Report
KAMEDO Report 89:Terrorist Attack in Bali, 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246
Pepe Brolén; Per Örtenwall;Häkan Österhed;Helge Brändstrom (ed)

KAMEDO Report 90:Terrorist Attacks in Madrid, Spain, 2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252
Roger Bolling; Ylva Ehrlin; Rebecca Forsberg; Anders Rüter; Vivian Soest;Tore Vikström; Per Örtenwall;
Helge Brändstrom (ed)

Erratum
Abstracts of Scientific and Invited Papers for the 15th World Congress
for Disasater and Emergency Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258